Information, knowledge and wisdom

DIKIW: Data, Information, Knowledge, Intelligence, Wisdom and their Interrelationships

DIKW hierarchy is the model used for discussion of data, information, knowledge, wisdom and their interrelationships. However, definitions of data, information, and knowledge are entrapped in a logical fallacy known as circular definition. There are some agreements in the definitions without the fallacy. The missing ‘Intelligence’ in DIKW plays a major role between knowledge and wisdom. This gi...

The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy and its Antithesis

The now taken-for-granted notion that data lead to information, which leads to knowledge, which in turn leads to wisdom was first specified in detail by R. L. Ackoff in 1988. The Data-Information-KnowledgeWisdom hierarchy is based on filtration, reduction, and transformation. Besides being causal and hierarchical, the scheme is pyramidal, in that data are plentiful while wisdom is almost nonexi...

Knowledge and Wisdom

Between Wisdom and Knowledge

The key to understanding the nature of government is to be found in the old debate between realists and political utopians of many kind. This controversy has several fields including the epistemological issues of political knowledge, the disagreements between philosophers and historians, and the political clashes of liberals wih conservatives. As for the status of political knowledge, the first...

Knowledge-information autopoietic cycle: towards the wisdom systems

Decision-making processes are characterised by purposeful coordination of interrelated activities of pre-decision, decision and post-decision stages. In this sense, human decision-making processes require explicit knowledge generation, enhancement and renewal. So far the areas of decision-making have remained mostly free of knowledge and knowledge management, process orientation and autopoiesis...